![]() See also: List of perissodactyls RhinocerotidaeĬladogram following a phylogenetic study. A market also exists for rhino horn dagger handles in Yemen, which was the major source of demand for rhino horn in the 1970s and 1980s. Rhino horns are made of keratin, the same material as hair and fingernails, and there is no good evidence of any health benefits. The contemporary market for rhino horn is overwhelmingly driven by China and Vietnam, where it is bought by wealthy consumers to use in traditional Chinese medicine, among other uses. Rhinoceroses are killed by poachers for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market for high prices, leading to most living rhinoceros species being considered endangered. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths they rely instead on their lips to pluck food. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary. They have a herbivorous diet, small brains 400–600 g (14–21 oz) for mammals of their size, one or two horns, and a thick 1.5–5 cm (0.59–1.97 in), protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure. Rhinoceroses are some of the largest remaining megafauna: all weigh at least one tonne in adulthood. Two of the extant species are native to Africa, and three to South and Southeast Asia. The national park the population currently thrives in is a protected area, and hunting rhinos is illegal.A rhinoceros ( / r aɪ ˈ n ɒ s ər ə s/ from Ancient Greek ῥῑνόκερως ( rhīnókerōs) 'nose-horned' from ῥῑ́ς ( rhī́s) 'nose', and κέρας ( kéras) 'horn' pl.: rhinoceros or rhinoceroses), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is a member of any of the five extant species (or numerous extinct species) of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae it can also refer to a member of any of the extinct species of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea. The species has been poached to near extinction for centuries for their horns, which are used in eastern medicine. These rhinos are one of the rarest mammals on earth, with an estimated population of 68 individuals remaining in the wild. Why are Javan rhinoceros endangered and what is being done to protect them The IUCN lists the Javan rhinoceros under their ‘Critically Endangered’ category. The massive herbivores do not have any natural predators in the wild. Despite their size and mass, the strong legs can help them run at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour (42 kilometers per hour).Since they lack good eyesight, their sense of smell and hearing are exceptional.They have a prehensile upper lip that aids in browsing.The armor-like skin ensures that they do not have any natural predators.They use their horns to enlarge pre-existing mud pits.There are limited studies on the sounds made by Javan rhinos, but it is thought that they are much quieter than their nearby cousins, the Indian and Sumatran Rhinoceroses. These rhinos live for around 30-45 years. Female Javan rhinoceroses reach sexual maturity after 5-7 years of age, while males take longer, around 10 years. It stays with its mother and is eventually weaned after a year or two. The offspring becomes mobile shortly after birth.
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